Heckle and Jeckle are magpies



Naturally

 John Muir said, “The mountains are calling and I must go.”
 I was in southeast Alaska—Haines and Juneau. Frank Sinatra sang, “The moon belongs to everyone, the best things in life are free. The stars belong to everyone, they gleam there for you and me.” The same could be said for the northern lights that decked out the sky during my visit.
 American dippers walked on the bottoms of fast-moving water and probed under stones for aquatic larvae, insects, worms, small fish and fish eggs. They thrilled me by singing like a melody of wren and thrush songs, bubbling like the water around them. Dippers were once called water ouzels, a great name for a garage band. Dippers might navigate down a slope or downstream to find more food.
 Steller’s jays made harsh "shack" sounds as I watched an eagle fight with another eagle over the catch of the day. While they tussled, a gull snuck in to eat some fish. Then a raven flew in, chased the gull off and dined on the salmon. The original catcher of the salmon, having vanquished its challenger, flew back and chased the raven away. While this took place, black-billed magpies darted in and out, grabbing beaks full of salmon. Magpies steal from eagles as jackals steal from lions. Magpies have long tails that stream behind them in flight like advertising banners behind small airplanes. They make "mag" calls and the cartoon characters Heckle and Jeckle are magpies. 
 Worried that bald eagles might deplete fish populations, the Alaska Territorial Legislature offered a bounty on eagles in 1917. The bounty was removed in 1953 and when Alaska became a state in 1959, the eagles came under federal protection. The Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve near Haines was formed in 1982 and set aside for the protection of the eagles.  

Bird bobbleheads

 I’ve coached baseball and one of my players told me his goal was to have his own bobblehead one day. I wonder if he got one? The National Bobblehead Hall of Fame and Museum unveiled the first Pūteketeke Bobblehead. The pūteketeke, also known as the Australasian crested grebe, has gone viral in New Zealand’s Bird of the Century competition.

Four-letter words

 Four-letter codes are commonly used as a shorthand for a bird’s name. Two different sets of  codes are in use. The first codes were created by the Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) for use by bird banders in submitting data and are referred to as “banding codes.” The Institute for Bird Populations (IBP) published a second set of codes. The northern goshawk (NOGO) has been renamed the American goshawk (AGOS) and the American goldfinch, formerly AMGO, is now AGOL to avoid confusion.

Q&A

 Jim Muyres of Mankato asked if he should be concerned about suet becoming rancid in hot weather. Suet can soften and foul birds’ plumage in hot weather and it can become rancid. Some suet manufacturers state their blocks will withstand high temps without melting; however, they might go rancid if extremely high temperatures persist.
 “What’s the difference between invasive and exotic?” Exotic means non-indigenous to an area and invasive means tending to spread prolifically and undesirably/harmfully. The Japanese beetle, common buckthorn and garlic mustard are both exotic and invasive. Many exotics aren’t considered invasive. Soybeans, cattle, apples and ring-necked pheasants originated in Asia, corn was first cultivated in Mexico, tomatoes came from South America and tulips were native to Europe.
 “Why don’t chickadees migrate?” Because I need them here with me. Chickadees think only wimpy birds fly south and are non-migratory, year-round residents throughout their range. It takes a lot of energy for a bird to migrate, but they need food to stay home. Chickadees are good at finding food and they work overtime at it. They cache food to eat later. They are opportunistic feeders who eat between meals, have amazing memories and wear jackets (they fluff up their feathers for insulation). Chickadees are meant to be here and figure out how to get what they need. They make do and they get by. They always have.

Thanks for stopping by

 “In science it often happens that scientists say, ‘You know that's a really good argument; my position is mistaken,’ and then they would actually change their minds and you never hear that old view from them again. They really do it. It doesn't happen as often as it should, because scientists are human and change is sometimes painful. But it happens every day. I cannot recall the last time something like that happened in politics or religion.”—Carl Sagan.
 “The care of the Earth is our most ancient and most worthy, and after all, our most pleasing responsibility. To cherish what remains of it and to foster its renewal is our only hope.”—Wendell Berry.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

American dippers walk on the bottoms of fast-moving water and probe under stones for aquatic larvae, insects, worms, small fish and fish eggs. They thrill me by singing like a melody of wren and thrush songs, bubbling like the water around them. Dippers were once called water ouzels, a great name for a garage band. Photo by Al Batt.

A wild turkey did some trotting on the snow-covered deck of this old house.

WKRP viewers want to know how far a turkey can fly.



Naturally

 I’ve said goodbye to many of summer’s birds and insects, little things that made a season. I did a good deed and put out some birdseed in their memory.
 Lots of flowers are blooming in the middle of November—mostly dandelions. A caller said raccoons got into a garbage can. I said they were seeking canned goods.
 I saw a pair of bald eagles on a nest site in Alaska in November. I’ve seen that in Minnesota in November, too. They come in to do a little repair or remodeling, or maybe it’s just a bonding practice. 
 Cooper’s hawks are prospering in urban areas. Their preferred prey can be readily found there—rock pigeons, mourning doves and Eurasian collared-doves. I watched a Coop chase house sparrows under a minivan, while a downy woodpecker froze in place, trying to be invisible. Freezing in position is a common strategy for the downy, as woodpeckers aren't fast fliers. It’s the bird’s best defense, hoping to escape a predator's notice. Its slow, undulating flight isn’t a good escape mechanism.

Q&A

 Five-year-old Lillie wanted to know how many pecks it would take a red-bellied woodpecker to get to the inside of the tree. What a wonderful question. It would depend if the bird used power tools. It takes only 7 to 10 days for a pair of red-bellied woodpeckers to carve a foot-deep home in a dead tree. Foraging would take a second (a single peck) without bark and slightly longer if the bark is in place. It takes as long as it takes.
 “How many young do opossums have?” The only marsupial in North America has two breeding seasons from January through May. The average litter size is between six and 20 babies (called joeys) that weigh less than a penny at birth. The joeys are carried and nursed in a pouch after birth like kangaroos and koalas. Newborn opossums remain attached to their mother’s nipples for 60 to 70 days before leaving the pouch, but continue to cling to their mother’s fur. Reaching mouse-size, they ride on their mother's back. They’re approximately four months old when they become independent. 
 “Are black squirrels a separate species?” They’re gray squirrels wearing black coats, which tend to exhibit more aggressive behavior than the grays. Kent State University is known for its black squirrel population. The black color results from two recessive genes coming together. If a dominant gene gray squirrel mates with a recessive gene black squirrel, the offspring will be gray. Two black squirrels produce black offspring. I’ve seen the larger fox squirrels with black on their heads in North Carolina.
 “When did cardinals come to Minnesota?” In John James Audubon’s day, the northern cardinal was considered a southern bird and rarely seen as far north as Philadelphia. It’s the northern cardinal because it’s the most northerly representative of its genus, Cardinalis. The first Minnesota record was in Minneapolis in the fall of 1875. Many of the first arrivals were single males seen in southern Minnesota. Redbirds appeared in Sherburne County (1887), Kandiyohi County (1894), Fillmore County (1898) and Martin County (1913). The state’s first confirmed nesting was a nest with eggs found in Steele County in 1925. Nesting was later documented in Hennepin County in 1927 and Goodhue County in 1930.
 “Do pheasants lay eggs in the nests of other birds?” They are occasional brood parasites, laying eggs in nests of ducks or other gallinaceous birds like partridge, grouse, quail and turkey.
 “How far can a turkey fly and how old are they before they can fly?” Turkey poults can fly when they’re 8-10 days old. The adults rarely fly over 100 yards, but are said to be capable of flying 1/4 mile. Pheasants can fly 600 feet, although the Cornell Lab of Ornithology says a 1941 report noted a pheasant was observed flying 4 miles across a body of water. Baby pheasants can fly 150 feet when they’re three weeks old. 
 “What’s the difference between a deer rub and a scrape?” A rub is created when a buck rubs its antlers on saplings, brush, small trees or fence posts, peeling away the bark or surface of the object. Bucks place scent from the forehead and preorbital glands on the wood to let other bucks know they’re around. A scrape is made when a buck paws the ground with its hooves and deposits secretions from its interdigital glands.

Thanks for stopping by

 “I don't ask for the meaning of the song of a bird or the rising of the sun on a misty morning. There they are, and they are beautiful.”―Pete Hamill.
 “After you have exhausted what there is in business, politics, conviviality, and so on—have found that none of these finally satisfy, or permanently wear—what remains? Nature remains.” —Walt Whitman.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

American crows have an outsized intelligence. Young crows don’t breed until they’re at least two years old, and most don’t until they’re four or more after helping their parents raise young for a few years. This gives them the time and energy for learning and play. Baby crows are chicks, but I think they should be called crowlets. Collective nouns for crows are murder (maybe because they’re scavengers), horde, mob or parliament. Photo by Al Batt.

Over 27% of American kestrel males are named Bob

Naturally

  I have to look at everything in the fall. Even a sign reading “Ignore this sign” makes me look.

  Time to break out the worry about winter. I watched an American kestrel bob on a utility wire it perched on during a brisk wind. Interesting fact: 27% of male American kestrels are named Bob.

  I had a nice visit with Mario Benassi, a falconer in Haines, Alaska, who has a new red-tailed hawk he’s attempting to train. The raptor was interested in some grouse until a raven with a piece of meat in its bill flew by. The hawk forgot about the grouse and pursued the raven until the corvid dropped the meat.

The names they are a-changing

  The American Ornithological Society (AOS) will rename 70 to 80 species in the US and Canada that are named after people or have names deemed offensive or exclusionary. This effort will start in 2024. The AOS feels the changes will help people understand the species: names that describe the bird, its habitat, its range or something else about the species convey more information about the bird than a person’s name. The decision to scrap eponyms entirely as an opportunity for positive discussions that focus on the birds. The list of names to be changed include Bachman’s sparrow, Steller’s jay, Anna’s hummingbird, Cooper’s hawk, Audubon’s shearwater, Wilson's warbler, Wilson's snipe, Harris’s sparrow, Harris’s hawk, LeConte’s sparrow, Franklin’s gull, Ross’s goose, Lewis’s woodpecker, Baird’s sandpiper, Bonaparte’s gull, Forster’s tern, Swainson’s hawk, Swainson’s thrush, Henslow’s sparrow, Lincoln’s sparrow, Brewer’s blackbird and many more. The AOS makes name changes occasionally. The northern goshawk was changed to the American goshawk, oldsquaw became long-tailed duck and the name of McCown’s longspur was changed to thick-billed longspur. AOS president, Colleen Handel, said “There is power in a name, and some English bird names have associations with the past that continue to be exclusionary and harmful today. We need a much more inclusive and engaging scientific process that focuses attention on the unique features and beauty of the birds themselves. Everyone who loves and cares about birds should be able to enjoy and study them freely—and birds need our help now more than ever.” Scientific names will not be changed.

  I’m intrigued as to what the names will become and excited about the changes. Maybe we’ll look at some birds with fresh eyes.

Vultures versus pumpkins

  Dr. Heather Huson of the Department of Animal Science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, showed me photos of a red-tailed hawk and a turkey vulture eating meat she’d placed in pumpkins. She’d put the food there to stimulate the birds. A great horned owl refused to become involved with a jack-o’-lantern. Vultures are intelligent birds and each year, I see some feeding on rotting pumpkins in fields. They eat some, nibble on some and shred some. I’ve been told they also eat grapes.

A finny walk

  The Garrison Dam National Fish Hatchery is the world’s largest walleye-producing hatchery with ten million fingerling walleyes released annually in North Dakota and Wyoming. This hatchery’s role includes the spawning and stocking of endangered pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River, and the restoration of sauger and shovelnose sturgeon in Wyoming. In addition, it has a role in managing the fish population for North Dakota's salmon and trout, and fills stocking requests for walleye, northern pike and a variety of other cool-water species in the Dakotas, Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. A stroll down the hatchery’s trails offers a fishy education. Garrison Dam National Fish Hatchery is 58 miles north of Bismarck, North Dakota.

Q&A

  “What is the old saying about sedges and grasses?” Sedges have edges, rushes are round and grasses have nodes all the way to the ground. 

  “What animal is most prone to getting rabies?” A 2021 study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association showed 91.5% involved wildlife, with bats making up 33.9% of that total, raccoons 28.1%, skunks 18.9% and foxes 8.6% representing the primary hosts confirmed with rabies. Rabid cats 5.9%, cattle 1.1% and dogs 1.0% accounted for 94% of rabies cases involving domestic animals.

Thanks for stopping by

  “Do you understand how there could be any writing in a spider's web?"

  "Oh, no," said Dr. Dorian. "I don't understand it. But for that matter I don't understand how a spider learned to spin a web in the first place. When the words appeared, everyone said they were a miracle. But nobody pointed out that the web itself is a miracle."

  "What's miraculous about a spider's web?" said Mrs. Arable. "I don't see why you say a web is a miracle—it's just a web."

  "Ever try to spin one?" asked Dr. Dorian.”―E.B. White, “Charlotte's Web.”

  “Better to wonder than to know it all.”—A.B.

  Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

The American Ornithological Society is changing all English-language names of birds within its geographic jurisdiction that are named after people (eponyms) and other names deemed offensive and exclusionary. A name that doesn’t describe a bird well can make it harder to identify and remember. A name can increase our understanding of a species and descriptive names are helpful. It will be interesting to see what name this stellar Steller’s jay ends up with. Photo by Al Batt.

A dry cabin in Alaska. It’s quite roomy.

Can some insects taste with their feet?

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• Naturally
  
  
   “Down in front!” I yelled.
   The Canada geese flying in front of me paid me no mind.
   It was a genial fall day. The festival of the falling leaves was coming into the homestretch. The leafless trees added a lovely homeliness to the landscape as they watch us wear flannel shirts.
   Every cornfield I see is a food plot for deer, but on November 1, I saw the fields being used by wild turkeys, sandhill cranes and trumpeter swans. 
   A bald eagle fed on a road-killed raccoon. The crows nearby looked as if they were cheering for the eagle, but I know they were jeering.
   I am an on-demand bird feeder and scattered millet seed on the ground for native sparrows like juncos, white-throated sparrows, fox sparrows, Lincoln's sparrows and white-crowned sparrows. I relish the presence of birds, but opossums are nice, too. There were four young ones in the yard—Pogo, Gopo, Opgo and Ogpo. How do I know their names? By the name tags they were wearing. Opossums are nocturnal, spending the day in dens or protected spots, but they’re active at any time of the day, especially when food is scarce. I hear them going bump in the night.
   American tree sparrows are present from early November through early April and usually arrive and depart with the juncos. Chipping sparrows spend early April through late October in my company. It’s a common LBJ (little brown job) or LBB (little brown bird)” in yards. Edward Forbush, a noted 19th-century ornithologist, called the chipping sparrow “the little brown-capped pensioner of the dooryard and lawn, that comes about farmhouse doors to glean crumbs shaken from the tablecloth by thrifty housewives.” Its song is a dry, fast, high-pitched trill of chip notes that gives the bird its name and is sometimes mistaken for the sound of insects. The chipper is a dapper little sparrow, handsome and tame. It has been called a hair sparrow due to its habit of lining its nests with hair.
   I was happy to see some redbelly snakes this fall. It’s Minnesota's smallest snake, about the size of a nightcrawler, named for its bright red, pink or orange underside. I’ve heard it called a fire snake and it feeds on slugs, snails and earthworms.
   For yellowjackets, it’s every female for herself this time of the year. The workers die and the queens survive. I saw a meadowhawk, a relatively tame dragonfly that flies into fall. I’m not sure of its flight speed, but dragonflies have been clocked at 35 mph. According to Rachel Crane, a biologist at the University of California Davis, dragonflies catch up to 95% of the prey they pursue, a rate she described as wildly high compared to other predators.
   On the subject of yellow, the “wild” asparagus turns a lovely yellow. Wild asparagus is the same species as the asparagus cultivated in gardens but has escaped into uncultivated areas where it  persists. Seeing it causes me to imagine what the sound of the color of asparagus yellow would sound like.

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  Q&A

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   “Do Canada geese mate for life?” They do unless they discuss politics.
   “Can some insects taste with their feet?” Yes, and it makes a real mess in a pizza parlor. Butterflies, flies, bees, wasps and many others have taste receptors on their feet and legs.
   “Can skunks spray when their feet are off the ground?” Some naturalists believe they can’t, but I’m not willing to test this myself, so I will answer with this from the University of Nebraska Extension. “The following points contradict the more common myths: Skunks can spray whether their feet are on the ground or not; skunks do not disperse the spray by shaking their tails; and a covered trap does not prevent skunks from spraying—it only reduces the likelihood.”
   “What insect lives the longest?” A termite queen lives for 50 years and some scientists believe she lives for 100 years.
   “Are zebras white with black stripes or black with white stripes?” Black with white stripes. Beneath the fur, zebras have black skin. A shaved zebra would be all black.
   “What is the world’s largest insect?” The world’s longest insect is the Chinese stick insect, which is 24.5 inches long, but no thicker than a forefinger. The heaviest is the royal Goliath beetle of Africa weighing 3.5 ounces, the approximate weight of a blue jay. There are about 400,000 beetle species known to science—that's around a quarter of all known animals—and countless more still to be identified.

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  Thanks for stopping by

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   “There is always more goodness in the world than there appears to be, because goodness is of its very nature modest and retiring.”—Evelyn Beatrice Hall.
   “The moment one gives close attention to any thing, even a blade of grass it becomes a mysterious, awesome, indescribably magnificent world in itself.”—Henry Miller.
   Do good.
  
  ©️Al Batt 2023

Dark-eyed juncos (snowbirds) are birds of the ground. They hop around our yards looking for fallen seeds. Juncos make toy ray gun sounds. “Pew, pew, pew!” They have white outer tail feathers that flash open in flight. Photo by Al Batt.

World Series birds migrating through



Naturally

 I didn’t know it, but the first time I laid eyes on a chickadee, it was the beginning of a beautiful relationship. I was eating on the road, not like a turkey vulture on a road-killed raccoon; I was eating in a roadside cafe. My food cooled as I watched chickadees find their food in a window box of wilted flowers.
 All toads are frogs, but not all frogs are toads. I miss both frogs and toads during our cold weather. Frogs leap, toads hop. Frogs have longer legs that allow them to take big, long jumps. Toads make shorter hops.

Dis and data

 A bar-tailed godwit holds the non-stop distance record for migratory birds by flying 8,435 miles from Alaska to Australia. The 11-day journey without rest or food was tracked by a satellite tag on the bird.
 Pigeons hear sounds as low as 0.05 Hz, making their hearing powerful enough to detect distant earthquakes, storms, volcanoes and other natural calamities.
 World Series birds migrating through Hawk Ridge in Duluth include common redpolls, snow buntings, red crossbills, purple finches, pine siskins and northern shrikes—birds indicative of the change of seasons.

A bird is worth 2,349 bird words

 A synchronized wave of birds produced a significant sound as they made a seasonal shift. 
 It was roosting time in the fall and it was all noise and black feathers when the clamorous cloud landed on branches clinging to the few remaining leaves, the blackbirds creating silhouettes against a darkening sky.
 They weren’t in the tree long before they dropped like grains of sand in an hourglass before heading back up into the tree as if the hourglass had been flipped. Perhaps it involved a seating rearrangement of the red-winged blackbirds and common grackles.
 A flock in flight is an amazing thing to see. Scientists have figured each bird tracks and responds to a finite number of its closest neighbors—seven in the case of starling flocks—and maintains its distance from each, preventing the flock from turning into a horde of bumper cars.
 A flock offers strength in numbers by fostering cooperation and provides eyes to watch for predators and search for food. There are many discordant voices to call out warnings.
 Jim Muyres of Mankato asked why they are so noisy when going to roost in the fall. An excellent question, which I can only suppose an answer. It might have been a political debate, a planning and zoning meeting or a competition for prime roosting places that led to loud bickering. It might have been a report on food availability and procurement. I wouldn’t think it’d be to confuse or frighten predators, but maybe it was.
 It was certainly communication of some sort, as birds excel at communication, and it might have involved the establishment of a pecking order. Roosting males don’t want to be crowded and aim to maintain a roosting territory by protesting any intrusion. No matter what its purpose, this behavior from a long ribbon of blackbirds twisting their way across the landscape is a harbinger of a changing season.
 Guglielmo Marconi, the godfather of radio technology was convinced that no sound ever dies. It decays beyond the point our ears can detect it, but he believed it’s forever recoverable with the right device. That device might be the memory the birds give us.

Q&A

 “Why is a young sandhill crane called a colt?” New cranes are precocious and able to run on gangly legs within 24 hours of hatching. Someone long ago observed cranes running and thought they galloped like horses, which led to them being called colts. The male is called a roan and the female a mare. A group of cranes is a flock, sedge, siege, team or herd. A sedge is a grassy or marshy habitat that cranes frequent. Cranes are famous for their dancing, so I think dance would make an excellent collective noun.
 “Why so few fireflies this year?” They have a lot of things going against them: habitat loss, overuse of pesticides and light pollution. Their larvae feed on snails, slugs and millipedes, things that thrive in wet environments. Food would be harder to find in a drought.
 “Do all birds migrate in flocks?” No. Many birds migrate in flocks: blackbirds, common nighthawks, American robins, swallows, ducks and geese, but some species migrate alone—the hummingbird is a prime example. 
 “Do house finches and purple finches interbreed?” The Birds of North America mentions one documented case of a purple X house finch hybrid in the wild,  in 1996. House finches, particularly males, can vary in plumage due to differences in diet.

Thanks for stopping by

 “See everything, overlook a great deal, correct a little.”—Pope John XXIII.
 “We don't laugh because we're happy—we're happy because we laugh.”—William James.
 Do good.

©Al Batt 2023

In the early 1830s, on an expedition to Canada led by Sir John Franklin, ornithologists detected the bird we know as Franklin’s gull, first naming it Franklin’s rosy gull because it often shows a rosy pink cast on its breast and abdomen. The color fades as the breeding season progresses. It was called the “prairie dove” by the early settlers. The gulls follow tractors and eat the insects uncovered by the disturbance of the land. Photo of Franklin’s gull in nonbreeding plumage by Al Batt

Traveling on an Alaska Marine Highway System ferry brings out the readers. That makes me smile.

The platform is a silent memorial to a young life lost in a mudslide in Haines, Alaska. I’d think the view seen while standing on it would be what the deceased saw from a window of his home.

The Hammer Museum In Haines, Alaska, has a collection of 7,000 hammers, with 2,000 on display including this 20-foot tall pounder.

Haines, Alaska.

How do I read a woolly bear caterpillar?



Naturally

 It was feather weather. I watched a barred owl watching me. Years ago, a raptor guy told me that an owl could hear a mouse’s heartbeat under a foot of snow. 
 I saw a coyote run across the road. It struck me that Wile E. Coyote is the only coyote I’ve ever seen hit by an anvil. It was an Acme Anvil, of course. Wile E. Coyote’s middle name is Ethelbert.
 I stopped to admire some plants carrying dead flowers. Wabi-sabi (“wah-bi sah-bi”) is an ancient philosophy tied to Japanese culture. Wabi-sabi sees the beauty in imperfection and impermanence,  appreciates simplicity and accepts that change is inevitable.
 A study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences estimated there are a staggering 20 quadrillion (20,000,000,000,000,000) ants in the world or about 2.5 million ants for every human. The researchers said that was a conservative estimate.
 I watched whirligig beetles moving about like madcap bumper cars without involving any bumping. They have a simple form of radar that allows them to detect food and other whirligigs on the water’s surface. They resemble big, thick watermelon seeds floating on the water. Whirligigs are carnivorous and are predators of insects that have fallen into the water and have difficulty breaking away from the surface tension and invertebrates. They’re beneficial and many fish won’t eat them because of the beetle’s chemical defense system.
 Paul Douglas is a crack meteorologist who wrote that El Nino might give winter a milder nudge. It will be cold and it will snow. Beyond that the details are murky. During El Nino winters the jet stream, the main superhighway for storms, often whisks big storms south of Minnesota. There are notable exceptions, but odds favor a milder and drier winter based on previous El Nino events. Thank you, Paul Douglas, for those words offering the hope for a kind winter. 

Q&A

 “What bird is the state bird of the most states?” The most popular bird chosen by seven states is the northern cardinal; these include Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia and West Virginia. The beautiful western meadowlark is the state bird of Kansas, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oregon and Wyoming. The northern mockingbird is third with five states, including Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee and Texas. The American robin is the state bird of Connecticut, Michigan and Wisconsin, and the American goldfinch is the state bird of Iowa, New Jersey and Washington.
 “How do the wildfires in Canada’s boreal forest affect birds?” To some degree, birds are accustomed to wildfire. Some birds thrive in the habitat that grows after a fire. Birds that prefer mature forests might be pushed out. The severity of these fires would require birds to make changes and we all know how difficult change can be. Smoke might be the greatest threat. We know what it can do to a human, but there isn’t a clear understanding of the impact of smoke on the health of birds.
 "How do I read woolly bear caterpillars?" Folklore says that the darker the caterpillar, the harsher the winter will be. If the rusty band is wide, it will be a mild winter. The more black there is, the more severe the winter. As to the accuracy of a woolly bear’s prediction, please remember that it isn’t a trained meteorologist. One year, there were so many woolly worms on the road that I couldn’t help but hit some. I learned that when driving over woolly bear caterpillars, turn into the skid.
 “Does a pelican’s bill really hold more than its belly can?” Dixon Lanier Merritt was right. Its large bill pouch can hold about 3 gallons of water while its stomach holds only about a gallon.

Thanks for stopping by

 “Don't be seduced into thinking that which does not make a profit is without value.”—Arthur Miller.
 “Bird watchers top my honors list. I aimed to be one, but I missed. Since I'm both myopic and astigmatic, My aim turned out to be erratic, And I, bespectacled and binocular, Exposed myself to comment jocular. We don't need too much birdlore, do we, To tell a flamingo from a towhee; Yet I cannot, and never will, Unless the silly birds stand still. And there's no enlightenment in a tour Of ornithological literature. Is yon strange creature a common chickadee, Or a migrant alouette from Picardy? You can rush to consult your Nature guide And inspect the gallery inside, But a bird in the open never looks Like its picture in the birdie books—Or if it once did, it has changed its plumage, And plunges you back into ignorant gloomage. That is why I sit here growing old by inches, Watching a clock instead of finches, But I sometimes visualize in my gin The Audubon that I audubin.”—Ogden Nash.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

It’s a rare trick-or-treater who dresses as a differential grasshopper, but just wait until Marvel makes a movie about one. Giant ragweed, a big promoter of hay fever, is one of this grasshopper’s favorite foods. It feeds on a wide variety of grasses, leafy plants and crops (including corn, soybeans, sunflowers, cotton, vegetables, wheat, alfalfa and leaves of fruit trees). An adult could travel 10 miles in a day in search of food.
Photo by Al Batt

No matter when the first snow arrives, it always seems too early. October 28.

Can you have too many tote bags? I thought so, but I was wrong. I needed one more. When something requires toting, do it in style with a canvas bag from Xplorer Maps. If you need to be puzzled, Xplorer Maps has that covered, too. Various bags are available.

https://xplorermaps.com As members of 1% for the Planet, Xplorer Maps donates a percentage of proceeds from every product they sell to a variety of non-profit organizations around the world.

The Hamm's Bear was so popular that some newspapers printed the time that the television commercials featuring him would air.

If you combine Pulitzer Prize-winning author Barbara Kingsolver and coyotes, what do you get? You get a book with rich illustrations, lyrical language and gentle lessons that will entice young readers to learn more about coyotes. It’s a fine read for adults, too.

Near the Freeborn County Courthouse in Albert Lea, Minnesota.

What state is most deerly loved?

Naturally

 There was a lot of scurrying going on. It must have been the squirrel series. Chickadees were busy in an endless pursuit of food. Birds make my life a little tweeter.
 The first fall dark-eyed junco showed up in my yard on October 8. It’s a type of sparrow that is mostly gray with a white belly, white outer tail feathers and a pink bill. The juncos are nicknamed “snowbirds” because soon after they arrive we can expect our first snowfall. They nest in northeastern Minnesota.
 The Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study’s research found that part of the hippocampus increases in male squirrels during the caching season in the fall. This doesn’t happen in the brains of females. Females already can remember where they put that acorn or where their husband’s dress shirt can be found. This seasonal plasticity is necessary for males to think like females in the fall when they’re hiding all these nuts. It’s possible that the hippocampus, the memory and spatial organization area of the brain, increases 15% in size in the fall.
 Rudy Hanson of Albert Lea was a buttermaker, teacher, lawyer and state senator. He was a voracious reader and I never saw him without a book. He loved watching the birds and the squirrels, and died in 2002 at the age of 99, still reading books and watching birds.

Q&A

 “What do woolly bear caterpillars eat?” Woolly bears feed such plants as dandelion, dock, aster, goldenrod, nettle, lamb’s quarters, burdock, violet, plantain, clovers, birches, maples and grasses. They overwinter under bark or inside cavities of rocks or logs. When spring arrives, woolly worms spin fuzzy cocoons and transform inside them into full-grown Isabella tiger moths.
 “When do loons leave?” Plants and animals must respond to seasonal changes. Biologists often summarize the changes with the acronym MAD: Move, Adapt or Die. Adult loons typically leave the state in early October and head to Lake Michigan, where they gather with other loons from Canada and the Upper Midwest. They spend about 28 days on the Great Lake, feasting on small fish, before heading to their wintering grounds on the Gulf of Mexico or Florida's Atlantic coast. The young birds stay longer, practicing the Minnesota goodbye, and even though no one taught them how to fly, they fly straight for southern Florida in November. 
 “How do flying squirrels fly?” Their "flight" is made possible by a fold of skin, a membrane that extends from the front to the hind feet. When their legs are outstretched, the skin stretches to form a large wing-like surface, which enables the squirrel to glide as far as 150 feet, though most glides are 20-30 feet.
 “What state has the most deer?” Texas has an estimated white-tailed deer population exceeding 3 million wild deer. If captive deer are included, Texas has more than 5 million deer. Other states with droves of deer are: Michigan (1.7 million), Alabama (1.7 million), Mississippi (1.7 million), Missouri (1.4 million), Wisconsin (1.3 million), Pennsylvania (1.3 million), North Carolina (1.3 million) and four states with 1 million: Minnesota, Arkansas, Georgia and Kentucky. Deer are crepuscular, so be watchful for them at the shoulders of the day.
 “What’s the difference between a chrysalis and a cocoon?” Moths and butterflies go through a four-stage life cycle: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Butterfly caterpillars create a protective case called a chrysalis during their final molt, where they transform into a butterfly. The moth caterpillars produce silk from glands and spin a silky covering around itself before it forms a hard inner case in which it transforms into an adult. This is called a cocoon. Butterfly caterpillars make chrysalises and moth caterpillars make cocoons.
 “Why do some owls have ear tufts?” There are about 225 owl species and about 50 have feathered ear tufts (plumicorns). They aren’t used for hearing. The exact function is uncertain, but there are theories galore. They may be for camouflage, helping a roosting owl blend into a tree by breaking up the owl’s shape. They might make the owl look like a broken branch. The tufts could be used for communication with others of its species—courtship, recognition, display aggression or territorial behavior. Perhaps the presence of ear tufts gives an owl the look of a mammal and appear more menacing to mammalian predators. If the last were true, why wouldn’t all owls have plumicorns? As an aside, it still amazes me that great horned owls begin nesting in January or February.

Thanks for stopping by

  “Knowing trees, I understand the meaning of patience. Knowing grass, I can appreciate persistence.”—Hal Borland.
  “I have not yet lost a feeling of wonder, and of delight, that the delicate motion should reside in all the things around us, revealing itself only to him who looks for it.”—Edmund Burke.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

The red-headed woodpecker stores food, as does the red-bellied woodpecker. It stuffs seeds, nuts and insects into crevices in wood, tree cavities, and under shingles or bark, providing a reliable source of food. It catches aerial insects and grasshoppers are regularly cached alive. In Longfellow’s epic poem “The Song of Hiawatha,” Hiawatha gave the bird its red head. It has several nicknames including half-a-shirt. Photo by Al Batt.

Puffballs, roses and New England asters make time’s rapid passage a bit more palatable.

Puffballs, roses and New England asters make time’s rapid passage a bit more palatable.

Puffballs, roses and New England asters make time’s rapid passage a bit more palatable.

What is a lake vulture?



Naturally

 A turkey vulture cut through the sky like a flying scissors. A blue jay, a symbol of communication, unleashed its extensive vocabulary. Bird counters at Hawk Ridge Nature Reserve in Duluth tallied a whopping 78,544 blue jays flying over through Oct. 8. That’s a record for the fall count (August 15-November 30), which counted 60,523 last year. There should be enough acorns to go around. There were 13,224 American robins counted on Sept. 30. The total robin count for last fall was 14,639.

Dis and data

 Red colors on leaves appear to be on trees getting high levels of direct sunlight.
 A collective noun for flamingos is a flamboyance. A group of mallards is called a sord.
 The waistline of the Platte River in Nebraska fluctuates.
 The great bustard is the largest landbird in Europe weighing up to 40 pounds. It sounds like it's sneezing.
Fox news
 I saw a fox as we both greeted the dawn’s sun. A red fox likes to hunt before sunrise and after sunset. Its thick, soft coat keeps it warm. In the fall, a red fox hangs out alone. The babies have grown and gone. Foxes grow longer, thicker coats for winter. Instead of hiding out in a den, a red fox usually curls up in the open. Wrapped in its big, bushy tail, the fox stays nice and warm even when completely covered by snow.

A Lewis’s woodpecker

 In October 2018, I watched a smaller bird flying like a crow in Becker County. A Lewis's woodpecker is a medium-sized woodpecker with a dark red face, gray collar and a dark iridescent green-black back. The belly is pinkish or salmon red; the wings and tail are all dark, without spots or patches; the cap, bill and legs are black; and the feet are gray. The woodpecker was named after Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark Expedition where the bird was first recorded. This species rarely excavates wood for boring insects. Instead, it gleans insects from a tree’s surface or catches them in the air. Its breeding territory spans from British Columbia to New Mexico and as far east as South Dakota. A Lewis's woodpecker has a steady, buoyant flight, with slower wingbeats and longer glides than most woodpeckers. Its flight resembles that of a crow. There have been nine documented sightings of Lewis’s woodpeckers in Minnesota. 

Q&A

 “Can baby loons swim?” Unlike adults, a loon chick can walk upright on land. They can swim immediately after hatching, but spend much time riding on their parents’ backs during their early days. This regulates their body temperatures and protects them from underwater predators. Chicks depend on their parents for food. One parent remains on the water’s surface with the chicks while the other catches fish to feed them.
 Mary Guggisberg of Freeborn asked when trumpeter swans leave Minnesota? This swan is a regular breeding resident distributed throughout the state. Most Minnesota trumpeter swans remain here through the winter months where open water is available. It’s considered a short-distance migrant with the majority of Minnesota’s breeding population migrating only as far south to find open water and an abundant food supply. Power plant sites are welcome sights for wintering swans.
 “Why did sunflower seed prices escalate?” There are many reasons: the war in Ukraine (Ukraine is a major exporter of sunflower products), increased shipping costs, seeds being planted for the production of sunflower oil used as a frying oil in foods, some farmers able to make more money by devoting sunflower acres to other crops, and, of course, the number one reason is that baseball players are eating too many sunflower seeds.
 “We can put a man on the moon, but I can’t tell a downy woodpecker from a hairy woodpecker. Help.” If you can see them both at the same time, the hairy is much larger. The hairy is the approximate size of a robin and the downy is the size of a house sparrow. The downy is more abundant and the hairy likes the company of larger trees. I’ve found the best way to differentiate the two is by their bills. The downy’s bill is much shorter, roughly 1/3 the length of its head and the hairy’s bill is nearly the length of its head. When sizes and bills are compared, a downy is dinky and a hairy is huge.
 “What is a lake vulture?” It’s a name I’ve heard people call bullheads or catfish because they are generalists and will eat whatever fits into their mouths.

Thanks for stopping by

 “What you do makes a difference, and you have to decide what kind of difference you want to make.”― Jane Goodall.
 “In nature, nothing is perfect and everything is perfect. Trees can be contorted, bent in weird ways, and they're still beautiful.”–Alice Walker.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

I put out an extra birdbath for the American robins and binge-watched their joyful splashing. Yes, I not only put out another birdbath, I put water in it, too. Their bliss was tempered by an occasional squabble due to creative differences. Estimates from Partners in Flight suggest the robin is the most abundant landbird in North America. The robin is the state bird of Connecticut, Michigan and Wisconsin. Although the superhero Batman’s sidekick Robin was inspired by N. C. Wyeth’s illustration of Robin Hood, a later comics version had his mother nicknaming him Robin because he was born on the first day of spring. Photo by Al Batt.

Dixon Lanier Merritt



Naturally

  I wanted to applaud the lovely combination but I was driving. I watched a long, twisting line of blackbirds flying past a double rainbow on my way home from a church where I’d done readings and led prayers at a funeral. The deceased’s wife hugged me and said she and her husband had been arguing over the identification of a woodpecker and a finch—red-headed or red-bellied, house or purple. “We each said, if Al was here, he’d know.” She paused before adding, “Thank you for being here today.”
 Ruby-throated hummingbirds don’t travel in flocks during migration. Each bird follows its instincts as to departure dates and routes.
  A skunk smelled as if it wanted to be left alone. Multi-colored Asian lady beetles and minute pirate bugs sampled Al Batt. They are biting beetles and bugs, but I’ve not been stung by a wasp. Yellowjackets are hangry at this time of the year. This summer, they were well-behaved pollinators and beneficial predators. I like boxelder bugs. They’re beautiful and they don’t bite.

The Lower Rio Grande Valley

 I stayed in a camper in Mission, Texas, where a common sound was “Kis-ka DEE! Kis-ka-DEE!” The great kiskadee, a feisty, striking-colored flycatcher, shouted its name. Named for its loud "kis-ka-dee" call, it aggressively protects its nesting territory. One of its most feared predators is the coral snake and the kiskadee stays away from anything with the same color pattern as the coral snake. Several harmless snakes are similarly marked, but never with the red and yellow touching. Coral snakes are found in the southeastern half of Texas in woodlands, canyons and coastal plains. The rhyme of caution is “Red touches black, venom lack. Red touches yellow, kill a fellow.”

The Old Farmer’s Almanac

 Snowfall will be above normal, so we’ll need to keep a shovel at the ready early, because snow will arrive beginning in November with storms, showers and flurries continuing through the start of spring. Along with above-normal snow, we’ll see normal to colder-than-normal temperatures. To sum it up in four words: cold, snowy and normal.

Q&A

 “When goats are brought in to browse vegetation from a park, do the buckthorn seeds they eat still germinate?” University of Minnesota research published in The Natural Areas Journal found that 2% of buckthorn seeds passed through goat guts intact and of the seeds that appeared in the goats’ feces, 11% were viable. For comparison, 63% of seeds not eaten by goats were capable of germination. 
 “How do I tell if it’s Virginia creeper or woodbine?” Virginia creeper has aerial roots and hairy leaf stalks and stems. Woodbine lacks aerial roots and has hairless stalks and stems.
 “When do pelicans migrate?” American white pelicans migrate to the Gulf of Mexico with October and November being the peak migration months. In “A Sand County Almanac,” Aldo Leopold described migrating pelicans this way: “Let a squadron of southbound pelicans but feel a lift of prairie breeze… and they sense at once that here is a landing in the geological past, a refuge from that most relentless of aggressors, the future. With queer antediluvian grunts they set wing, descending in majestic spirals to the welcoming wastes of a bygone age.”
 “What is the world’s most dangerous bird?” The cassowary, although ostriches and emus can be dangerous. The cassowary is a flightless bird native to Australia and New Guinea and has killed humans with slashing blows of its feet, which have long dagger-like toenails. It will surprise few people to learn that a pet cassowary killed a man in Florida.
 Darwyn Olson of Hartland asked where multi-colored Asian lady beetles lay their eggs. They’re laid on the undersides of leaves of low-growing ornamentals, trees, roses, wheat, tobacco, soybeans and other plants. Common buckthorn is a woody shrub or small tree and is the overwintering host plant of the soybean aphid, which lays eggs on buckthorn in the fall. The eggs overwinter and hatch in the spring.
 “How do I register a large tree?” Minnesota's Big Tree Registry covers 53 native tree species. You’ll find the application here: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/trees_shrubs/bigtree/nominate.html
 “What is the electric light bug?” It’s a nickname for the 2-3-inch-long giant water bug that’s attracted to stadium lights.

Thanks for stopping by

 “Oh, a wondrous bird is the pelican! His bill holds more than his belican. He can take in his beak enough food for a week. But I’m darned if I know how the helican.”–Dixon Lanier Merritt.
 “Here is your country. Cherish these natural wonders, cherish the natural resources, cherish the history and romance as a sacred heritage, for your children and your children’s children. Do not let selfish men or greedy interests skin your country of its beauty, its riches or its romance.--Theodore Roosevelt.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

The sequence of hues commonly described as making up a rainbow are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. A mnemonic used for remembering this color sequence is the name Roy G. Biv. When the light is reflected twice in a drop, a double rainbow appears. The secondary rainbow is lighter in color than the primary and has the colors reversed. Double rainbows are often seen as symbols of good luck and happiness. I hope seeing this photo brings you both. Crummy photo by Al Batt.

A chipmunk not only chased its tail, it caught it.

A Great Egret and a Painted Turtle look at the world.

Eyeshine is the mirror-like reflection of the light from the eyes of opossums and many other animals.

The Minnesota Vikings should change their name to the Screaming Pihas

Naturally

 The sweet smell of wild cucumber greeted me on my walk. Having a bird feeder is like having a backstage pass. I watched mourning doves drink at the birdbath. Pigeons and doves suck up water like a horse and both males and females produce pigeon milk in their crops which they feed to their young. Rock pigeons were introduced to North America from Europe in the early 1600s.
 If the Vikings have a poor year, I hope they will consider changing their name to the Minnesota Screaming Pihas. The pihas are famous for their loud, whistled three-part song, one of the signature sounds of Amazonia. 
 I watched pelicans herd fish into the shallows for easy eating. It ended in a fierce feeding frenzy. It was a great fish drive, similar to but wetter than the cattle drives Rowdy Yates participated in as the ramrod of the crew that drove bovines on the Sedalia Trail in the TV series “Rawhide.” Rowdy, played by Clint Eastwood, worked under trail boss Gil Favor. They moved cattle from San Antonio, Texas, to Sedalia, Kansas, while being prodded along by Frankie Laine’s voice singing, “Move 'em out, head 'em up, Rawhide.”
 I have a cat. I like the cat. It never leaves the house, which keeps it healthy and increases its chances of having nine long lives. I have cats hunting my bird feeders. They’re not mine and I don’t appreciate their visits. If my cow went over to a neighbor’s yard repeatedly and ate their garden, my cow would be in trouble even though it was doing what comes naturally. If a cat comes to my yard and kills the birds I’ve been feeding (they kill whether or not they’re hungry), it has worn out its welcome.

Q&A

 “I found a few dead moles on a trail. What happened?” Moles rarely come to the surface where owls, hawks, weasels or snakes might get them. Because of their musky odor, moles are unpalatable to some mammalian predators, but raccoons, coyotes, foxes and skunks dig them out. Moles are killed by domestic dogs and cats but are rarely eaten. Maybe it was the work of a cat. A mole eats earthworms, Japanese beetle grubs, cutworms and more.
 Dean Muesing asked if hummingbirds can smell sugar water? They find food sources by sight. Hummingbirds aren’t believed to have a well-developed sense of smell, but it’s still a sense of smell. I’ve not heard of them being able to smell nectar. Fall migration is more complicated than the spring migration for our local hummingbirds. There is more overland travel than flying across the Gulf of Mexico in the fall because there isn’t quite the urgency as there is in the spring. It’s good to feed hummingbirds, as many live their lives a few hours from starvation. You could clean the feeders with a vinegar solution (1 part vinegar to 2 parts water) and an old toothbrush. Rinse thoroughly with clean water before refilling. 
 Jerry Viktora of Ellendale asked how long to keep hummingbird feeders up and when rose-breasted grosbeaks leave. I keep my hummingbird feeders up until October 1 to catch latecomers and stragglers. The grosbeaks are mostly out of here by the end of September, but I do see some in October.
 Jim Muyres sent photos of something digging for grubs in a cemetery and asked what they could do to prevent this. Skunks create holes by pushing their noses into the lawn and using their front paws to dig out the area. There can be many holes merging into a large, disturbed patch of grass. Raccoons use their front paws like hands to lift and flip pieces of sod over. It appears as if someone rolled it back for transplanting. Management is difficult as extensive digging can happen overnight and there are few reliable controls for the animals. An insecticide could be applied to kill the grubs in the soil, a curative insecticide application that is most effective if done in August and early September. 
 “What eats yellowjackets?” Black bears, raccoons,  skunks, badgers, opossums, shrews and birds (summer tanagers are noted for it, gray catbirds, blue jays, kingbirds and others) feed on the protein-rich food.
 “Where did “naked as a jaybird” come from?” It has an uncertain origin. The expression from the 1800s was naked as a fledgling jaybird, naked as a fledgling robin or naked as a fledgling. At some point, the word “fledgling” was dropped from the idiom. In the 1920s, J-bird was an abbreviation of the word jailbird. When new inmates were processed in jails, they were stripped naked and disinfected before receiving uniforms.

Thanks for stopping by

 "Nature is not a place to visit, it is home."—Gary Snyder.
 "In every walk with nature one receives far more than he seeks."—John Muir.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

Feathers are made of lightweight material called keratin, just like our fingernails and they don’t last forever. They need to be replaced and molting is the process of replacing feathers. Molt is variable with patterns differing by species, by individual or from year to year. It requires a lot of energy to build new feathers and birds typically time molts to avoid other high energy demands like nesting and migration. A molt can be a hard on a guy. Cardinal photo by Al Batt.

At the Freeborn County Historical Museum, Library & Village in Albert Lea, Minnesota.

A hummingbird flies backward to keep the dust out of its eyes

Naturally

 The surgeon told me to think of a pleasant place before I went under the knife. I thought of staring at a chimney. I’m not a chimney sweep, I haven’t even played one on TV, but I travel around each year, hoping for a good crop of chimney swifts. When the swifts go into a chimney to roost, the bats begin their nightly hunt. I’ve seen flocks of swifts zoom into chimneys. Swifts may look like flying cigars, but they are memories on the wing. In tough times, I remember those moments.
 I listened to the clucking or chucking of chipmunks. They issue these warnings of a predator in the sky while stationary.
 Pale green corn rootworm beetles wander away from cornfields in late summer to visit gardens where they feed on flowers and vegetables.
 I’m seeing murmurations of starlings, those wondrous shape-shifting flocks. I listened to the hummingbirds—the hum of the wings and their chittering. Hummingbirds drop their internal temperature, inducing a temporary state of torpor, and need less energy, and therefore less food, to withstand frigid temperatures. If you spot a motionless hummingbird, don’t be alarmed. It’s torpor. Young hummers migrate along the same routes and winter in the same places their ancestors have, some making an 18-hour flight across the Gulf of Mexico.
 One group of pelicans will drive prey towards another group of pelicans. The American white pelican eats up to three pounds of fish per day. It also eats salamanders, tadpoles and crayfish.
 The downy woodpecker makes a whiney call that descends in pitch at the end. The hairy woodpecker’s call is similar but doesn’t descend in pitch at the end.
 Mast is a term used to describe the fruit of trees and shrubs. A mast year is when a particular species produces more fruit than normal. Oaks have cycles of high and low yields. Oak masting happens every 2-5 years. In a mast year, seed-eating animals are unlikely to eat all the seeds produced, leaving the rest to sprout. An abundance of acorns is said to augur a bad winter—not true.
 In September, monarch butterflies congregate in large numbers and by the end of October, they have left the state in a mass migration to their winter grounds.

Q&A

 “Which bird builds the largest nest?” Bald eagles build the largest nest of any bird in North America. The nests are reused annually and increase in size.
 “Why does a hummingbird fly backward?” To keep the dust out of its eyes. A hummingbird's wings are unlike any other bird's and allow them to fly forward, backward, hover, and fly upside-down for a short period. Their shoulder joint is a ball and socket that allows the hummingbird to rotate its wings 180° in all directions. Hummingbirds don't flap their wings, they rotate them. When hovering, they move their wings in a figure-eight motion.
 “What’s the most populous landbird?” According to Partners in Flight, here are the numbers in millions. Starlings and house sparrows have 93 million each in North America, the same population as the yellow warbler. The common grackle is 67, not as many as the indigo bunting at 77. Blue jay is 17 million and American crow 28. Red-winged blackbird, savannah sparrow and yellow-rumped warbler are 170 million each. Dark-eyed junco is at 220, chipping sparrow 230 and leading the flock is the American robin with a population of 370 million.
 “Do bats open their mouths to echolocate?” Bats open their mouths to improve sensory localization.
 “Do yellowjackets or bald-faced hornets reuse a nest?” Nests of both species are abandoned and not reused.
 “Do pelicans mate for life?” American white pelicans are monogamous and likely pair each year on their breeding grounds. Adults breed when three years old and bonds last through the breeding season, but whether pairs continue in subsequent years is uncertain, although many people believe they do mate for life.
 Kevin Linn of Belle Plaine sent a photo of a bald cardinal. When northern cardinals and blue jays finish nesting, it’s time for them to molt and replace old feathers with new ones. Some cardinals and jays lose all their head feathers at once.
 “Do birds sleep while flying?” The Avian Sleep Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology found frigatebirds sleep in flight, usually only one of their brain hemispheres sleeps, but occasionally both. The birds sleep around 42 minutes of each 24 hours flying with each sleep phase lasting an average of 12 seconds.
  “How old are turkeys when they begin to roost in trees?” By two weeks of age, poults can fly to low branches to roost. 

Thanks for stopping by

 “Let us try to recognize the precious nature of each day.”―Dalai Lama XIV.
 “If you can’t be in awe of Mother Nature, there’s something wrong with you.”—Alex Trebek.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

Not all black birds are blackbirds and not all blackbirds are black. Members of the blackbird family, Icteridae (ick-TARE-a-dee), include blackbirds (red-winged, Brewer’s, rusty, yellow-headed), grackles, cowbirds, meadowlarks, orioles and bobolinks. Baltimore orioles are named for their orange-and-black plumage, the colors of the heraldic crest of England’s Baltimore family who also gave its name to the city. Photo by Al Batt.

What to do when a hummingbird parks in your garage

Naturally

 My wife had left to volunteer at the food shelf. I had a Zoom meeting of a board I serve on in Alaska (I’m the token Minnesotan) and then I was going to a local in-person Audubon meeting. She sent me a text alerting me to a hummingbird trying to get into the garage. A hummingbird had gone in and out of the garage before she could get the door closed. Why did the tiny bird want in the garage? Was it hoping to find a 2010 Hummer parked there? No, it was attracted by the dangling red handle on the garage door pull, which if you have a good imagination and a hummingbird does, resembles a hummingbird feeder. Once inside a garage, the hummingbird flew up because hummingbirds don’t understand a roof. How do you evict a hummingbird from a garage? Open the garage door so it can fly out on its own. If it’s slow in leaving, place a hummingbird feeder or a red object near the open garage door to lure it outside. 
 I didn’t see many toadlets in my yard this year. The tiny toads eat small insects. A toad has parotoid glands producing a poisonous secretion that helps the toad defend itself against predators. All toads are frogs, but not all frogs are toads.
 I came across a spiderweb holding a few raindrops. It was so beautiful, it could have been a construct of a highly skilled jeweler. I was birding at a state park. There were waves of warblers and some were waving goodbye—mostly American redstarts with a pleasant mix of other species. Patient green herons opened offices for foraging. Deer walked through the sucking mud, leaving the ungulates black-legged on shore after quenching their thirst. The drought caused turkeys and squirrels to make the same long muddy walk to drinking water. A great flock of great egrets and a leucistic eastern kingbird glowed in the leafy green foliage. I savored every moment. As I drove home at dusk, I was presented with a lovely sky of common nighthawks. Their bat-like flight earned the bird the nickname "bullbat." I saw a couple of bats hunting the twilight with the nighthawks. The tiny bills of the nighthawks become commodious mouths when consuming flying insects on the wing at 12-35 mph. Primary insect prey varies with availability—ants, beetles, moths, true bugs and caddisflies.

Roadside pheasant survey

 The numbers in Minnesota DNR’s annual roadside pheasant survey increased 101% in the southwest region and 38% in the west central. Other areas saw decreases, with numbers dropping 39% central, 63% east central, 11% south central and 50% in the southeast regions. Pheasants averaged a 10% increase statewide over 2022 and 26% above the 10-year average. This year’s statewide pheasant index was 53 birds per 100 miles of roads driven, compared to 48 in 2022. Weather and habitat are the major influences on pheasant populations. Weather causes annual fluctuations and habitat drives long-term population trends. Populations benefited from favorable weather in the southwest and west central. An area’s increase in pheasant numbers doesn’t continue without a corresponding increase in habitat.

Q&A

 “Why are there turkeys along the roadside?” They aren’t hitchhiking. They have no thumbs. Roadsides become courtship areas in late winter and flocking areas before spring breakup. Juvenile and adult hens use roads in early spring because green forage, seeds and insects are more abundant in open, sunny habitats. Roads can be a source of food or a crossing point.
 “Do we have hornets in Minnesota?” All our hornets are wasps, but not all wasps are hornets. The bald-faced hornet is a wasp. All species of “true hornets” (genus Vespa) are endemic to Eurasia and northern Africa; none are native to North America. The northern giant hornet was formerly named the Asian giant hornet and nicknamed a murder hornet.
 Glenda Batt of Albert Lea asked when hummingbirds leave Minnesota. They migrate south as early as mid-August, with most leaving the state by the end of September—although stragglers are found well into October.
 A River Falls reader asked why hummingbirds dance. It could be a courting or territorial display, or hunting flying insects which can look like dancing.
 Ken Nelson of Clarks Grove asked when barn swallows and house wrens leave? Barn swallows gather in migratory groups in July with a peak migration in August. They winter in Central and South America. House wrens become secretive and silent after nesting (two broods). The secondary cavity nesters leave in September for southern US or Mexico. 

Thanks for stopping by

 “In nature, nothing is perfect and everything is perfect. Trees can be contorted, bent in weird ways, and they’re still beautiful.”—Alice Walker.
 “When you do something noble and beautiful and nobody noticed, do not be sad. For the sun every morning is a beautiful spectacle and yet most of the audience still sleeps.”—John Lennon.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

 A tall white bird with a yellow bill, black legs and long S-curved neck has made the great egret a chiropractor’s dream. At the beginning of the 20th century, it neared extinction due to market hunting. The egrets’ feather plumes were used to adorn women's hats. The great egret has been called the American egret, common egret and great white egret. Photo by Al Batt.

A condensation of swallows.

A disagreement at the old swimming hole.

Scenes from Farming of Yesteryear in Kiester, Minnesota

Sorghum making.

A tractor parade at Farming of Yesteryear in Kiester, Minnesota

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It’s vulturific



It’s vulturific

Nature by the yard

 The new crop of chipmunks looked impressive.
 Young robins swamped the birdbath. The enthusiastic and pugnacious birds were splishing and splashing. 
 Chickadees and cedar waxwings kept the yard entertained. Waxwings are named for the waxy red tips on their secondary wing feathers. According to Doug Tallamy, professor of entomology and wildlife ecology at the University of Delaware, a pair of chickadees needs 6,000 to 9,000 caterpillars to raise one brood. Insects are best for feeding fledglings because chickadees can’t afford pizza or cheeseburgers.
 The sultry afternoon didn’t stop the red-eyed vireo from singing, “Here I am. In a tree. Look at me. Vireo.” The ornithologist Bradford Torrey said, "The red-eye's eloquence was never very persuasive to my ear. Its short sentences, its tiresome upward inflections, its everlasting repetitiousness, and its sharp, querulous tone long since became to me an old story; and I have always thought that whoever dubbed this vireo the 'preacher' could have had no very exalted opinion of the clergy".
 Most of our woodpeckers have black and white plumages, but the northern flicker is brownish with a white rump patch that's conspicuous in flight.
 An eastern screech owl called persistently, waiting to go to voicemail. The pop-can-sized screech owl is all beak and eyeballs.
 Grasshoppers rubbed their legs together—stridulation. Crickets and katydids used their wings to make music.
Naturally
 I’d been watching roadside LBJs (Little Brown Jobs). Juvenile vesper sparrows are similar to adults, but their plumages contain little or no rufous color. They are larger than song sparrows and hit peak migration in October. Young horned larks are nondescript and look like what they aren’t. Horned larks molt out of juvenile plumage by August and resemble a washed-out version of an adult the rest of the year. 
 Migratory populations of sedge wrens have a nomadic breeding cycle. Northern breeding populations breed from May through June. Breeding occurs in the southern U.S. from July into September, coinciding with the departure of northern breeding populations. This suggests that sedge wrens migrate to their northern breeding range for the first nesting, then migrate farther south to nest again. The latter breeding season could be by late arrivals or in response to habitat quality in the southern portion of the range.
Vulturific
 The first Saturday in September each year is International Vulture Awareness Day. Vultures are recyclers and prevent the spread of harmful bacteria. They have acidic stomachs that kill harmful bacteria in rotting meat and their intestines have bacteria that make them resistant to diseases from rotting meat. Vultures commonly eat roadkill, making them targets for car collisions. Please avoid littering, which attracts animals onto the roads. 
Everyone is important
 The American biologist Paul Ehrlich likened the loss of species from an ecological community to randomly popping out rivets from the wing of an airplane. Remove one or two and the plane will probably be fine. Remove ten, or twenty, or fifty, and at some point, there will be a catastrophic failure and the plane will fall from the sky. 

Q&A

 “What are predators of adult hummingbirds?” Cats, sharp-shinned hawks, bullfrogs, merlins, roadrunners, kestrels, spiders, snakes, robber flies and occasionally dragonflies and songbirds. 
 “Do bees sting hummingbirds?” Bees could sting hummingbirds, but it would be a rare occurrence as both creatures are too focused on gathering nectar to look for a fight. Hummingbirds avoid bees by being agile and using quick flight movements, tail flicking or aggressive displays. Hummingbird feeders attract both and bees feed alongside the hummingbirds, but will chase them if they feel threatened. When many bees are at a feeder, the hummingbirds opt to leave and find other nectar sources. Red attracts hummingbirds while yellow attracts wasps and bees. Avoid feeders with yellow insect guards or flower accents to make your feeder will be less attractive to insects.
 “Why are there tiny holes in acorns?” It’s because acorns are tiny. If the holes were big, there’d be no acorns left. Acorn weevils chew a small hole in the acorn while it’s attached to the tree, lay an egg in the hole and plug it to camouflage their activity. After the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on the inside of the acorn, which can make the acorn non-viable. When the acorn falls to the ground, the weevil larvae chew their way out, creating a perfectly round hole, and burrow into the soil to spend the winter underground. The reason you find many holey acorns under trees is because the squirrels leave them behind.

Thanks for stopping by

 “A true leader is one who is humble enough to admit their mistakes.”—Author unknown.
 “Joys come from simple and natural things; mist over meadows, sunlight on leaves, the path of the moon over water. Even rain and wind and stormy clouds bring joy.”—Sigurd F. Olson.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

A tall white bird with a yellow bill, black legs and long S-curved neck has made the great egret a chiropractor’s dream. At the beginning of the 20th century, it neared extinction due to market hunting. The egrets’ feather plumes were used to adorn women's hats. The great egret has been called the American egret, common egret and great white egret. Photo by Al Batt.

It did what a December 15 tornado does

One side of a block of the main drag of Hartland, Minnesota, is now leveled from my brother’s old hardware store through the beauty shop, post office and one of L&D Ag buildings (once upon a time it was Thompson Brothers Gas Station—it was a Texaco).

Now the city of 314 will have room for a five-story parking ramp.

I miss these murals depicting Hartland’s past. They went down with one of the buildings.

Would you like some nectar, Hector?



Would you like some nectar, Hector?

Naturally

 I watched a murmuration of starlings move as if it were inside a lava lamp, which made me think of hummingbirds. That’s because it’s a small world after all. In Minnesota, four native plant species—eastern columbine, Indian paintbrush, jewelweed and cardinal flower—rely on hummingbirds for pollination. The ruby-throated hummingbird’s wings beat an amazing 53 times every second and its heart throbs 1,260 times a minute.
 I had a pleasant visit with Donald Mitchell and Ron Windingstad at the wonderful Henderson Hummingbird Hurrah in Henderson, Minnesota. I didn’t find out if all male hummingbirds are named Hector, but I tried.
 Mitchell conducted field studies of hummingbirds and the plants they pollinate, and is a hummingbird bander. He said to attract hummingbirds, it's best to create a nectar farm that maximizes the amount of nectar available. One way to do this is to plant many red, tubular flowers that bloom in mid to late summer. Advertise your nectar farms with red flowers and the red on hummingbird feeders. Mitchell has seven hummingbird feeders located outside his home near Red Wing. In September, he goes through a gallon and a half of nectar every day. According to him, adding red dye or boiling the water is unnecessary. You can create the nectar solution by mixing 4 parts of water with 1 part of table sugar. You don't need to be too strict with those measurements. Ratios like 3:1 or 5:1 could be used. 
 Mitchell listed hardy perennials native to Minnesota that thrive in Zone 4: columbine, red buckeye, coral bells, trumpet honeysuckle and royal catchfly. Bee balm is recommended as its runners can be transplanted in spring, summer or fall. The native monarda attracts pollinators but is often overlooked by hummingbirds. Tall larkspur, standing cypress, cardinal flower and penstemon are other great choices. Anise hyssop is a native plant that's perfect for pollinators but not ideal for hummingbirds. Mitchell said perennials form the backbone of a hummingbird garden. In order of bloom: Eastern columbine (native and hardy), coral bells, bee balm (select red flowered mildew-resistant cultivars), tall larkspur (also pollinated by bumblebees), royal catchfly and cardinal flower. 
 Annuals include salvia (avoid fall-blooming salvias) with scarlet sage being an excellent choice. Flowering tobacco isn’t red but is a fine hummingbird plant as long as the scented species and hybrids are avoided as they are moth-pollinated and short on nectar. Propagating annuals such as salvia, flowering tobacco, canna (with small red flowers) and standing cypress is quite easy. Hummingbirds love jewelweed, but it’s important to note that deer love to eat orange jewelweed (spotted touch-me-not).
 Vines that make good hummingbird plants are trumpet or coral honeysuckle, trumpet vine, scarlet runner bean, cypress vine and cardinal creeper.
 Chimney swift expert Ron Windingstad is a friend from way back. People refer to chimney swifts as "flying cigars" due to their short, stout bodies and long, pointed wings. They breed across much of eastern North America. They nest and roost in chimneys, but changes in chimney construction and the development of modern heating methods have reduced the availability of nesting and roosting sites for swifts, and consequently, their numbers. Windingstad helped construct over 100 artificial chimney swift towers. I remember him doing a cartwheel whenever he saw chimney swifts.

Q&A

 Jack May of Mankato asked what kingfishers eat. Belted kingfishers feed on small fish (usually those less than 4-5" long), crayfish, frogs, tadpoles and aquatic insects.
 “Why are squirrels gnawing on my deck?” They aren’t eating the deck; they’re gnawing it to wear down their teeth, which grow constantly. I watched squirrels gathering acorns. The acorns from the white oak family are the tastiest. Red oak acorns are nutritious but intensely bitter because they have more tannin. Research found squirrels eat about 85% of the white acorns and cache 60% of the red acorns. The white oak acorns sprout in the fall and are more perishable when buried. Red oak acorns don’t germinate until the spring. 
 “How far apart should bluebird nestboxes be?” The North American Bluebird Society recommends 125 to 150 yards apart with boxes mounted in pairs where tree swallows are abundant. Paired boxes should be placed 5 to 15 feet apart and provide nesting sites for both species and limit competition between them. 

Thanks for stopping by

 “Life cannot be classified in terms of a simple neurological ladder, with human beings at the top; it is more accurate to talk of different forms of intelligence, each with its strengths and weaknesses. This point was well demonstrated in the minutes before last December's tsunami, when tourists grabbed their digital cameras and ran after the ebbing surf, and all the 'dumb' animals made for the hills.”—B.R. Myers.
 “The world is changed by your example, not your opinion.”—Paulo Coelho.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

An orange butterfly with black markings is a monarch or it might be a monarch mimic—a viceroy, which has an extra black line extending across the lower wings, visible when the wings are open or closed. The monarch flies along with its wings held up in a shallow V, while the viceroy makes several quick flaps before a flat-winged glide. Photo by Al Batt.

Hartland versus the tornado

A tornado on December 15, 2021 destroyed this building, but the business is about to reopen and support the small town that has been its home for generations.

As Atlas held aloft the heavens, this payloader has held up a building that had suffered the ravages of a December 2021 tornado in Hartland, Minnesota. The payloader will soon be able to rest after the building comes down.

This lovely mural depicting Hartland’s past will be demolished along with the building it’s painted upon.

It’s called a kaleidoscope

Are snakes lacking ambition?

Naturally  

 I clung tenaciously to an agreeable day of incredible insect diversity. I noticed no wasp (hornet) looked cuddly and cabbage white butterflies weren’t everywhere, but they were trying. I looked up to check for winged ants. Cornfield and field ants swarm on late summer afternoons. Carpenter ants swarm in the spring.
 Thistle seeds blew in the wind. The striking orange and black painted lady is one of the most common butterfly species in the world and is called the thistle butterfly. It migrates to warmer climates in winter. Goldenrod bloomed and isn’t the bad guy when it comes to causing hay fever. Sunflowers and compass plants followed the sun. Chokecherries provided astringent fruit. Sumac turned red and wild cucumber bloomed. Crabgrass, an annual that gets its name from its stems that spread outward and resemble the legs of a crab, showed a dark-reddish stain.
 There are a lot of soybean aphids in the farmers’ fields of dreams, so there might be an influx of multi-colored Asian lady beetles this year. The aphids were accidentally introduced to the U.S. in the late 1990s. Its rapid spread was boosted by a nonnative plant, buckthorn, which was brought here as a nursery plant. Soybean aphids lay eggs in the fall on buckthorn. Several insects prey upon soybean aphid populations. These include the lady beetles and minute pirate bugs (often called no-see-ums). The multi-colored lady beetle is the nonnative ladybug that swarms into our houses in the fall.
 Japanese beetles feed on over 350 species of plants, eating flowers and fruits, but they commonly chew around the veins of the leaves, skeletonizing them. They prefer foliage in full sun and love wild grapevines.

Q&A

 “Why aren’t there any snakes in Alaska?” No ambition. There have been occasional reports of garter snakes in the panhandle. 
 “One of my hens laid a double-yolk egg. Could it hatch?” It’s possible to hatch two chicks from the same egg if it contains two yolks. However, the chance of this happening is extremely rare because only one embryo develops in most cases. One might survive and it could have physical challenges.
 “Do barred owls and great horned owls coexist?” Great horned owls kill and eat barred owls they find in a great horned’s territory. Great horns are remarkable creatures that begin nesting in January or February, using the nests of hawks, crows or squirrels, small caves, cliff ledges, hollow trees, bridges and buildings. Owlets move out onto branches near the nest at 6 weeks of age and don't fly well until 10-12 weeks old. Female owls lay 1 to 5 eggs, which hatch in 30 to 37 days. Barred owls begin nesting in March. They nest in hollow trees, abandoned nests or nest boxes. The female lays 1 to 5 eggs, which hatch in 28 to 33 days. Young leave the nest 4 to 5 weeks after hatching. Barred owls have dark eyes; all other Minnesota owls have yellow eyes.  
 “How can I discourage boxelder bugs from congregating on my house?” This native insect feeds on boxelder, maple and ash trees. They love the warm sun on buildings with southern and western exposure. Adult boxelder bugs can fly several blocks and may travel as far as two miles. A simple solution is to add Dawn liquid dishwashing soap to a spray bottle full of water and shake gently to combine. Spray directly on the bugs and it will kill them. 
 “How many species of mosquitoes are there in Minnesota?” There are 51 species in the state. Spring species produce one generation of mosquitoes a year, and the adults can live 3 to 4 months. They lay eggs in the summer and those eggs need to freeze before they can hatch. Summer species can have multiple generations per year, each usually living only a few weeks. I’ve heard no neighbor complain  this year, “The mosquitoes are the worst I can remember.” I haven’t even thought about putting an electric fan on the deck to keep the weak-flying skeeters at bay. It’s only fair that mosquitoes bite me. I’ve eaten enough of them while bicycling, running or seated behind the wheel of a cabless tractor.
 “What is a group of butterflies called?” It’s called a kaleidoscope, flutter, swarm or rabble.
 “When do kestrels migrate?” The American kestrel peak migration is late August—early October. The name kestrel is likely derived from the Old French word crecelle, meaning "rattle," which refers to the sound of its cry.

Thanks for stopping by

 “Because the heart beats under a covering of hair, of fur, feathers, or wings, it is, for that reason, to be of no account?”—Jean Paul Richter.
 “Use the talents you possess, for the woods would be a very silent place if no birds sang except the best.”—Henry Van Dyke.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

Chicory grows in open and disturbed areas like fields, roadsides and railways, and blooms July—October. The flowers open with the sun and close by noon on sunny, bright days and open later in the morning or remain open most of the day during cloudy weather. Its roasted roots are used as a coffee substitute. It’s called blue daisy and blue dandelion, but more often blue sailors, from a legend of a beautiful girl falling in love with a sailor who left her for the sea. She waited alongside a road for his return. The gods took pity on her and turned her into chicory. Sailor blue blossoms still haunt roadsides waiting for the man’s return. Photo by Al Batt.              

Look for GAS—Goldenrod, Aster, Sunflower

Naturally

 Hummingbirds thrill me. They are aggressive jewels. The hairs on my arms tell me it’s a cool sighting each time I catch a glimpse of one. I watched them from my office window and marveled at their maneuverability. The presence of a single hummingbird makes any scenery stunning.
 I walk late at night after work in order to escape the heat of the day. Our summer heat is gentle when compared to elsewhere, but it’s enough for me. I listened to the descending whinny and an even-pitched trill of the eastern screech-owl as I watched a beetle under the yard light. A beetle has wing covers (elytra), which usually make a straight line down its back. One of my favorites is a tiger beetle that chases down its prey. The ones in my yard are fast, but not as fast as the Australian tiger beetle, which travels at 5.6 mph.
 Skunks root around with their noses in the soil and dig small funnel-shaped holes in the ground. Raccoons use their paws like hands, digging, lifting and tearing off chunks of sod and flipping them over to hunt for grubs. It’s as if they are working on a sod farm.
 On the road, I look for GAS on every drive—Goldenrod, Aster, Sunflower. Roads change habitats. Roadkill provides food for crows, vultures, raptors and coyotes. The ditches preserve prairie ecosystems from the plow and development.
 It was boy meets squirrel. A thirteen-lined ground squirrel scurried across the road. Colloquially known as a striped gopher or squinny (less frequently as liner, streaker or grinner), it spends more of the year asleep than awake. Adults enter hibernation in August or September and don’t emerge until April. Females may remain awake longer than males and the young of the year longer than the adults. The thirteen-lined ground squirrel, true to its name, has a series of lines running down its back. It’s a prairie species that has adapted well to roadsides, pastures, hayfields, ditches and golf courses. During the summer, they’re commonly seen on roadsides. The University of Minnesota teams are nicknamed the Golden Gophers. The mascot looks like a chipmunk but is likely a ground squirrel and not a gopher. It has stripes. Maybe the coaches would have enhanced recruiting success if young athletes could play for the Golden Ground Squirrels. Or maybe not.

Q&A

 “Can I see the chiggers that bite me?” Chiggers are microscopic and almost impossible to see with the naked eye. At around 1/50th of an inch in size, most people need a magnifying glass or microscope to spot them. The mites resemble tiny, red spiders. Mosquito repellents don’t work on them. By the time you have a reaction, the chigger is gone.
 “What do fireflies eat?” Firefly larvae eat snails, worms, slugs and other insect larvae, which they inject with a numbing chemical meant to disable. Adults eat other fireflies, nectar or pollen, although some don't eat at all. 
 “Why are insects attracted to lights? Insects are drawn to bright lights because 
the lights confuse an insect’s navigational system, just as traffic lights confuse the navigational systems of humans. Many insects are phototactic, which means they experience movement toward or away in response to light. A popular theory says positively phototactic insects move toward lights because the lights act as guides. Many insects find their way by keeping a natural light source, such as the sun or moon, in their sights. They might mistake an artificial light for a celestial object. Insects swarming around porch lights are positively phototactic, attracted to the light. In contrast, insects like cockroaches are negatively phototactic and scuttle away when a light is turned on. Another hypothesis proposes insects use lights as an escape route. If a predator were to frighten a resting insect, it would fly toward the moon where the predator couldn’t reach it. Bug zappers attract a lot of phototactic insects, but few are mosquitoes. While mosquitoes are attracted to light, they are more drawn to food sources like you. 
 “Why do phoebes wag their tails?” A study found tail pumping informs predators that the phoebe is aware of them. Other birds dip, wag, teeter, bob or pump tails: palm warblers, pipits, wagtails, spotted sandpipers, waterthrush, hermit thrushes,  American kestrels and others. Why do they call attention to their south ends? Threat awareness as the phoebe does, to startle prey into motion, to maintain balance and reasons unknown.
 “Why are they called rough fish?” The term "rough fish" apparently dates back to commercial riverboat fishing in the 1800s. Sluggish, overweight boats lightened their loads when required by "rough-dressing"—removing the organs but not fileting less desirable species and discarding them.

Thanks for stopping by

  “Sunset is still my favorite color, and rainbow is second.”—Mattie Stepanek.
  “Blessed are they who see beautiful things in humble places where other people see nothing.”—Camille Pissarro.
 Do good.

©️Al Batt 2023

The aggressive eastern kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) is known for its habit of chasing potential predators and brood parasites, which it detects from its prominent perch. It uses exposed perches to watch for flying insects which it sallies forth to snap up. An eastern kingbird is a flycatcher. The collective noun for flycatchers is an outfield, swatting, zapper or zipper. Photo by Al Batt.